How were Chinese immigrants treated in Washington Territory—and how did the Chinese Exclusion Act change their lives?

Civics Inquiry

How were Chinese immigrants treated in Washington Territory—and how did the Chinese Exclusion Act change their lives?

Regions: Central Sound, Columbia Basin, North Central, North Sound, Northeast, Olympic Peninsula, South Central, South Sound, Southeast, Southwest
Theme: State
Topics: Civics, Economic & Labor History

Introduction

In the 1800s, Chinese immigrants arrived in Washington Territory to work in mining, railroad construction, fishing, and other industries. They built communities, contributed to the economy, and faced increasing hostility as anti-Chinese sentiment grew across the American West. In this inquiry, students examine how Chinese immigrants lived, worked, and were treated in early Washington, and how federal laws like the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 shaped their experiences. Students analyze sources describing violence in Seattle and Tacoma, the expulsion of Chinese communities, and efforts to resist exclusion. This inquiry encourages students to explore the intersection of immigration, racism, and rights, both then and now.